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What are Ball Bearings?  
Ball bearings are types of rolling-elements bearings that carry loads, reduce friction, and position moving machine parts while facilitating motion.  
  
They reduce surface contact and friction across moving planes by using separate two "races," or bearing rings. Compared to flat surfaces that rub against each other, the coefficient of friction is reduced by the rotating motion of the balls.  
  
Ball Bearings Design  
Ball bearings consist of 4 main parts which are: 2 rings/races, the balls (the rolling elements), and the retainer (the ball separator). Angular contact ball bearings and radial ball bearings include an inner and outer ring. Angular contact ball bearings and radial ball bearings are designed to assist loads which can be oriented in a perpendicular direction to the axis of rotation, known as radial loads.  
  
The outer race is stationary and mounts into housing. When the radial load is transferred from the bearing to the housing, the outer race also aids in that transfer. The inner race supports and guides the shaft throughout rotation, and it mounts onto a rotating shaft. The function of the rolling elements is for carrying the load and distribution of the load throughout the raceways.  
  
The rolling elements rotate at a different speed from the speed of the internal race, but they rotate around the internal race. The separator functions as a barrier that prevents the balls from bumping into every other. The separator is situated between the balls. Thrust bearings support loads which can be parallel to the axis of rotation, which are referred to as axial loads. Thrust ball bearings consist of two rings of equal size.  
  
Materials Used in Balls in Ball Bearings  
The fabric used to make rolling bearing ball bearing balls vary widely and is always primarily targeted on the ring’s materials. This provides assurance of the harmonization of the interaction of cage, outer ring, and inside ring within the system. This is usually important when heating or cooling of the bearings is concerned within the application. The ball bearing running properties are of significance; they have to be good. The most common materials used to make ball bearings are listed under, with their relation to the ring materials:  
  
Roller Bearing Steel 1.3505/100Cr6  
This materials is used for metal ball bearings. For these types of ball bearings, balls made from hardened steel are sometimes used. The fabric that is typically used is stainless steel having a composition of about 1% carbon and 1.5% chrome.  
  
Martensitic stainless steel balls’ properties make them suitable for the production of ball bearings since they make stable components that are resistant and durable in steady operation. Balls that are made from roller bearing metal are durable and robust. They are not highly susceptible to corrosion, and needle rollers and cylindrical rollers are made of this material.  
  
Stainless Steel 1.4401 and 14401  
This material is used for ball bearings made of plastic. These stainless steel balls usually are not hardened. They exceptionally resist corrosion and also resist saltwater and alkalis. Hardened steel balls should not be used for plastic ball bearings. The limits of the material within the plastic ring limit the utmost permissible load for the plastic ball bearings. Stainless steel balls are cheaper than glass balls.  
  
Soda-Lime Glass  
When a metal free ball bearing is required, this is when glass balls come into play. Glass balls are additionally used when the ball bearings’ chemical resistance is high. Soda-lime glass is used to make bottles, flat glass, drinking glasses, and ball bearing material. The chemical properties of soda-lime glass are very good and suitable for ball bearings usually uncovered to chemical stress for a short time, however not to great chemical stress. The name lemon glass has also been given to it because of its light green color.  
  
Borosilicate Glass  
This type of glass is far more expensive compared to soda-lime glass. The chemical-resistance properties of borosilicate are even higher than these of soda-lime glass, which signifies that it is utilized in applications that contain sturdy acids. The benefits of borosilicate glass are listed below:  
  
Glorious heat resistance and likewise resistance to temperature changes  
Mechanical stability  
Very low coefficient of linear expansion  
Aluminum Oxide  
This type of material is used for balls for ceramic ball bearings. Ceramic balls made from aluminum oxide are also called oxide ceramics. They have a polycrystalline structure. These balls are light weight and have the next properties: good resistance to corrosion, good abrasion resistance, and good heat resistance.  
  
They're extraordinarily resistant to corrosion, despite different influences like water, acids, and salt solutions. It will be important that these types of balls don’t have contact with hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, robust alkaline options, and warm sulphuric acid. These types of balls are additionally known to be self-lubricating and they're electrically insulating. Balls made of aluminum oxide are colored in white to ivory and are manufactured according to ASTM F 2094 Class II/III.  
  
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